Abstract
Contamination of Lekki lagoon by petrogenic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has been widely reported. The study was aimed at investigating the bioaccumulation of PAH and BTEX in Malapterurus electricus collected from Lekki lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria. BTEX was analyzed in the intestine, water, and sediment samples using 8260B Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). While PAHs were tested in the same media using a gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Histopathological analysis of the fish intestine was conducted using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Parasite intensity, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation activities were investigated in the fish. The parasitic infection detected in Malapterurus electricus was Electrotaenia malopteruri. The parasite showed weak and no depurative capacities for BTEX and PAH respectively. The decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in conjunction with an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) characterized relatively higher susceptibility among the male fish. Varieties of tissue injuries increased with the standard length of the fish groups. Results suggest that lengthier and uninfected M. electricus were more susceptible to PAH in Lekki lagoon than the shorter and infected ones. The study demonstrated a promising tendency of the enteric parasite, E. malopteruri to depurate chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m+p-xylene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene from the intestine of its host fish, M. electricus, while PAHs were poorly mediated by the parasite.
Highlights
The rise in petroleum exploration following the rapid growth of the petroleum industry in Nigeria has resulted in oil spills from leakage of tankers, pipelines, storage, and dumping of waste petroleum products which has been major contamination to the aquatic environment
The study was aimed at investigating the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and BTEX in Malapterurus electricus collected from Lekki lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria
Results suggest that lengthier and uninfected M. electricus were more susceptible to PAH in Lekki lagoon than the shorter and infected ones
Summary
The rise in petroleum exploration following the rapid growth of the petroleum industry in Nigeria has resulted in oil spills from leakage of tankers, pipelines, storage, and dumping of waste petroleum products which has been major contamination to the aquatic environment. Benzene is used as a substitute for lead in fuel for enhanced fuel efficiency It is used in the fabrication of other chemicals including ethylbenzene, cymene, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene, and alkylbenzene. It is a constituent of resins, adhesives, nylon, rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives, and pesticides. Toluene is a common indoor contaminant, used in common household products such as paints, adhesives, and nail polish, as well as from cigarette smoke. Ethylbenzene and xylene are used in making polymers and plastics, pesticides, solvents, paints, varnishes, automotive products, adhesives, etc
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