Comparative bateriological profile with antibiotic resistance pattern among diabetic and non-diabetic patients

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which impedes the normal steps of the process of wound healing. It has higher risks of foot infection and postoperative wound infection that is polymicrobial with increased antibiotic resistance. A comparative study of bacteriological profile from the wound samples of diabetic and non- diabetic patients and to understand the relationship between bacterial load and high glycemic index among diabetic patients. A cross sectional study involving 50 diabetic and 50 non- diabetic patients wound swab or pus samples collected under aseptic precautions. Results: Polymicrobial infection is mostly observed. Among the isolates, gram negative bacilli were about 55% and gram positive cocci were about 45%. The most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus in diabetic and non- diabetic wound. In diabetic wound the predominant organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis followed by Pseudomonas species. In non- diabetic wound, the predominant organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas species. The Total Extended spectrum beta lactamase producer was about 76% whereas total Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 23%. In diabetic wound, glycemic index was poorly controlled in which fasting blood glucose level was > 150mg and post prandial blood glucose level was > 210mg among majority of cases. Antibiotic susceptibility test screening showed gram positive cocci isolates to more sensitive towards Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Amikacin and gram negative bacilli isolates to be more sensitive for Amikacin, Gentamycin and Imipenem. Thus, early diagnosis of diabetic wound infection is required for the antimicrobial therapy.