Abstract
In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.
Highlights
Production of the livestock depends upon regular supplies of food, healthcare and proper husbandry practices
In connection with earlier studies, the objective of this work was to determine the anthelmintic activities of the leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L through in vitro and in vivo assays against H. contortus models
In the Adult Motility Assay (AMA), 100% mortality of H. contortus was noted with the crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 12.5-50 mg mL-1
Summary
Production of the livestock depends upon regular supplies of food, healthcare and proper husbandry practices. Most veterinarians and farmers use anthelmintic drugs for the control of helminths as a cornerstone in the small-holder dairy farming systems in the resource-poor countries like Pakistan (Akhter et al, 2014, Khan et al, 2017), the development of widespread anthelmintic resistance (Jabbar et al, 2006), and concerns about toxicity and residues in products (Gasbarre et al, 2001) have led to the revival of awareness about the potential importance of traditional veterinary practices and the need to validate their utility (Ketzis et al, 2002, Rizwan et al, 2019). Surveys about documentation and scientific studies on the validation of the use of plants against parasitic infections have been conducted around the world (Bizimenyera et al, 2006; McGaw et al, 2007; Kareparamban et al, 2012; Faruque et al, 2018)
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