Comparative analysis: Variances in the overall satisfaction perceptions among traditional and non-traditional pathways of graduating students

Abstract

The evolution of pharmacy education in the United States has seen transformative shifts, from apprenticeship models to the establishment of formal schools, and eventually, the adoption of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs. In the 1970s, non-traditional PharmD (NTDP) programs emerged to cater to licensed pharmacists seeking career advancement. This study delves into the history, impact, and satisfaction of NTDP programs, focusing on the acclaimed Howard University College of Pharmacy (HUCOP). Despite the success and contributions of NTDP programs to the pharmacy profession, there is a dearth of research on the satisfaction of graduating students, particularly from minority populations. To address this gap, our study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of graduates from both traditional and NTDP programs, shedding light on potential barriers and strategies to enhance diversity in pharmacy education. Methods: A comprehensive survey, comprising 85 questions distributed online, was administered to traditional and NTDP students at the time of their graduation. The survey covered eight domains, employing Likert scales, multiple-choice, and open-ended formats. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests and student t-tests, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: Demographic analysis revealed a predominantly female and non-Hispanic minority student population in both traditional and NTDP programs. While both groups expressed high overall satisfaction, differences emerged in specific domains. Traditional students reported higher agreement in Facilities, Experiential Sites, and Educational Resources, whereas NTDP students showed higher agreement in Student Experience and Overall Impressions. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The study underscores the success of NTDP programs, particularly at HUCOP, in advancing the careers of licensed pharmacists and increasing diversity in the pharmacy profession. While overall satisfaction is high among graduates, subtle variations highlight areas for improvement. Future research should delve deeper into the experiences of minority populations in NTDP programs to address existing disparities and further enhance the inclusivity of pharmacy education.