Comparative analysis of the forms of subjunctive mood in Russian and Persian languages

Abstract

The semantics of the forms of subjunctive mood in Russian and Persian languages are different. In the counterfactual situation in the Russian language, counterfactual value can refer to the past and to the present time. Counter-active meaning in the Persian language is expressed by four forms of conditional sentences using two verbal-temporal forms: the pronounced mood (گذشته استمراري) of the indicative mood and the pre-elapsed time (گذشته دور) of the indicative mood, depending on apodosis. As for the desired meaning, in Russian and Persian the subjunctive mood itself does not have an appraisal component, and it is brought into the text with the help of context and special indicators – interjections, particles and adverbs. In Persian, the desired meaning of the subjunctive mood may involve so-called prayer mood, allocated by Khosro Farshiward, and the desired mood, singled out by Yuri Rubinchik.