Abstract
To improve the systematics and taxonomy of Patellogastropoda within the evolution of gastropods, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Lottia goshimai and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis in the family Lottiidae, which presented sizes of 18,192 bp and 18,720 bp, respectively. In addition to 37 common genes among metazoa, we observed duplication of the trnM gene in L. goshimai and the trnM and trnW genes in N. fuscoviridis. The highest A + T contents of the two species were found within protein-coding genes (59.95% and 54.55%), followed by rRNAs (56.50% and 52.44%) and tRNAs (56.42% and 52.41%). trnS1 and trnS2 could not form the canonical cloverleaf secondary structure due to the lack of a dihydrouracil arm in both species. The gene arrangements in all Patellogastropoda compared with those of ancestral gastropods showed different levels of gene rearrangement, including the shuffling, translocation and inversion of single genes or gene fragments. This kind of irregular rearrangement is particularly obvious in the Lottiidae family. The results of phylogenetic and gene rearrangement analyses showed that L. goshimai and Lottia digitalis clustered into one group, which in turn clustered with N. fuscoviridis in Patellogastropoda. This study demonstrates the significance of complete mitogenomes for phylogenetic analysis and enhances our understanding of the evolution of Patellogastropoda.
Highlights
To improve the systematics and taxonomy of Patellogastropoda within the evolution of gastropods, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Lottia goshimai and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis in the family Lottiidae, which presented sizes of 18,192 bp and 18,720 bp, respectively
The complete mitochondrial genome provides more information than individual genes. It exhibits the characteristics of maternal inheritance, a high evolutionary rate and a relatively low intermolecular recombination rate, and it is becoming increasingly common for mitochondrial genomes to be used for phylogenetic reconstruction[19,20,21,22]
The gene arrangements found within Patellogastropoda mitochondrial genomes have been relatively conservative, but those of Lottiidae differ to some extent
Summary
To improve the systematics and taxonomy of Patellogastropoda within the evolution of gastropods, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Lottia goshimai and Nipponacmea fuscoviridis in the family Lottiidae, which presented sizes of 18,192 bp and 18,720 bp, respectively. The order Patellogastropoda (common name, true limpets) consists of the most primitive gastropod molluscs, which inhabit intertidal rocky shores worldwide, from tropical to polar r egions[1,2] Most species from this group feed by scraping a fine film of microalgae from what appears to be a bare rock surface. Their shells have the appearance of hats of different sizes, generally reaching no more than 20 c m3,4 These limpets, which are ecologically important in coastal regions, separated from other gastropods early in molluscan evolution[5]. The results will help us to obtain further insight into the evolutionary relationships within Patellogastropoda
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