Comparative Analysis of the $2\times 2$ Patch Antenna Array with Modified Fractal Antenna for 5G Communication and Wireless Applications

Abstract

Modern communication demands wide bandwidth, high gain, and efficient reduced-size antennas to provide improved performance over a wide bandwidth range of the frequency spectrum. Here two antennas are taken, of which the first one is a fractal antenna and the second one is a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{2}\times \mathbf{2}$</tex> array antenna. This paper compares the performances of the modified fractal antenna and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{2}\times \mathbf{2}$</tex> patch array antenna. The modified fractal antenna has an FR-4 substrate with 2.4mm width and 2.4mm length and various rectangular slots through which the antenna has a wide bandwidth notch near 21 GHz with 2.77 GHz bandwidth, 25 GHz with 1.82 GHz bandwidth, 32 GHz with 4.23 GHz bandwidth, and 36.5 GHz with 2.94GHz bandwidth. It covers 5G applications in the range of 23.88-25.7GHz and 29.89-34.14GHz. On the other hand, the size of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{2}\times \mathbf{2}$</tex> array antenna is less compared to the fractal antenna with FR-4 substrate, i.e., 1.5mm X 1.5mm. The array antenna has bandwidth notches near 15.3GHz with a bandwidth of 0.38GHz, 22.6GHz with a bandwidth of 2.55GHz, and 27.3GHz with a bandwidth of 3.13GHz and covers 5G applications in the range of 25.01-28.14GHz. Both antennas have an n258 band that covers a 5G millimeter wave, implemented using CST.