Abstract
Carboxylate efflux from roots is a crucial and differential response of soybean genotypes to low phosphorus (P) stress. Exudation of carboxylic acids including oxalate, citrate, succinate and fumarate was induced under low P stress, particularly in P-efficient soybean genotypes. Enhancement of root length, surface area and volume further improved P acquisition under low P stress. To understand the molecular basis of carboxylate efflux under low P stress, the root proteome of contrasting genotypes (P-efficient: EC-232019 and P-inefficient: EC-113396) was compared. Among a total of 325 spots, 105 (32%) were differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between sufficient (250 µM) and low P (4 µM) levels. Abundance of 44 (14%) proteins decreased by more than two-fold under low P stress, while 61 (19%) proteins increased by more than two-fold. Protein identification and annotation revealed that the DAPs were involved in a myriad of functions including carboxylic acid synthesis, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Proteins with significant abundance included malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglycerate mutase, fructokinase, enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glucan water dikinase, glutamine synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase. Inferences from proteomic analysis suggests the crosstalk between various metabolic pathways implicated in conferring superior P acquisition efficiency under stress.
Highlights
IntroductionPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development, with structural (nucleic acids, phospholipids), metabolic (energy transfer) and regulatory functions
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development, with structural, metabolic and regulatory functions
We present the results of comparative proteome analysis in root tissues of EC-232019 and EC-113396 grown at sufficient (250 μM) and low (4 μM) P level, which revealed several differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) under low P stress
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development, with structural (nucleic acids, phospholipids), metabolic (energy transfer) and regulatory functions. P nutrition positively affects crop growth, with significant influence on above- (leaf area, dry matter accumulation, leaf P content, photosynthesis) and below-ground (root morphological traits, root exudation, symbiotic association) processes [1]. In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), P nutrition is important owing to its direct effect on growth and morphological responses and indirectly influencing nodulation and. Cultivating P-efficient soybean genotypes that can utilize the unavailable forms of soil P might be a sustainable option to increase crop productivity in the face of dwindling P reserves. Altered root architecture and morphology, along with increased synthesis and excretion of carboxylic acids is crucial to enhance P acquisition [2,3,4].
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