Abstract
Abstract The desideratum for high-end communication networks and high-speed data transfer has surged exorbitantly in the contemporary era. To meet this demand, various optical access network technologies have been invented and assembled, including gigabit passive optical networks (GPON), Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON), and wavelength multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PON). Due to their huge bandwidth capacity, excellent compatibility, dynamic bandwidth allocation, and dispersion tolerance, these technologies constitute potential substitutes for imparting local loop broadband services. This paper presents a thorough review and comparative analysis of the contemporary evolution in optical access network technologies with an accentuate on their functionality, mechanism, manoeuvre, and applications. We are also looking at the upcoming development of these innovations, including the incorporation of 100 G-EPON connectivity to meet the enhanced bandwidth demands precipitated by IP video, mobile broadband, and the Internet of things (IoT).
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