Comparative analysis of oral cavity sanation in children under general anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia with nitrogen oxide

Abstract

The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the volume of dental intervention under conditions of combined endotracheal anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia of nitrous oxide in pediatric dentistry.Materials and methods. Within the framework of this study, the results of oral cavity sanitation were analyzed in 300 patients aged 2 to 5 years. The median age was 3.7 years. The participants were divided into 2 equal samples: 150 patients underwent sanitation under general anesthesia (anesthesia group), 150 under conditions of inhalation anesthesia of nitrous oxide (sedation group). In the sedation group, there were 83 (55.3%) boys and 67 (44.7%) girls, in the anesthesia group – 89 participants (59.3%) were male, and 61 (40.7%) were female. The patients included in this study had comparable dental status. Also, when performing dental interventions in both groups, according to indications, local anesthesia was performed: children under 4 years old – lidocaine, children over 4 years old – articaine.Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that the number of visits required for full-fledged dental treatment was statistically significantly lower in the anesthesia group compared to the sedation group: thus, all patients who underwent combined endotracheal anesthesia required only one visit to the clinic for necessary treatment. But it was also found that the total time of dental treatment differed depending on the anesthetic aid used: in the anesthesia group, it usually took from 1 to 2 hours (in 98% of patients), during this time a complete sanitation of the oral cavity was carried out, and in the sedation group varied more widely, with half of the patients in the range from 30 minutes to 1 hour (14% and 36.7% of children, respectively), but the number of visits for complete oral cavity sanitation increased to 8.Conclusions. In the present work, it was revealed that dental treatment under general anesthesia in children was more effective than the same treatment under conditions of inhalation anesthesia of nitrous oxide with preserved consciousness. The use of combined endotracheal anesthesia allows to reduce the number of visits to the clinic and avoid refusals from further dental treatment. General anesthesia was also more effective than sedation in terms of the number of cured teeth with caries, chronic pulpitis and extracted teeth. Nitrous oxide inhalation anesthesia provides partial retention of consciousness, is more manageable and better tolerated by children.