Comparative analysis of mortality in patients admitted with an infection with influenza A/B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus or SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract

While influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are recognised as a cause of severe illness and mortality, clinical interest for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections is still limited. We conducted a retrospective database study comparing baseline characteristics and 30-day mortality in a large cohort of adult patients admitted for an overnight stay or longer with an influenza virus (A/B), rhinovirus, hMPV, RSV or SARS-CoV-2 infection. For non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses, data were included for the period July 2017-February 2020. For SARS-CoV-2, data between March 2020 and March 2022 were included. Covariate-adjusted 30-day mortality following RSV, hMPV or rhinovirus infections was substantial (crude mortality 8-10%) and comparable with mortality following hospitalisation with an influenza A virus infection. Mortality following a SARS-CoV-2 infection was consistently higher than for any other respiratory virus, at any point in time (crude mortality 14-25%). Odds of mortality for SARS-CoV-2 compared with influenza A declined from 4.9 to 1.7 over the course of the pandemic. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had less comorbidity than patients with other respiratory virus infections and were more often male. In this cohort, age was related to mortality following hospitalisation, while an association with comorbidity was not apparent. With the exception of SARS-CoV-2 infections, we find the clinical outcome of common respiratory virus infections requiring hospitalisation more similar than often assumed. The observed mortality from SARS-CoV-2 was significantly higher, but the difference with other respiratory viruses became less distinct over time.