Abstract
The stromal progenitors of mesodermal cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), are a heterogeneous population of plastic adherent fibroblast-like cells with extensive proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. Human MSCs have now been isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, muscle, skin, and adipose tissue, the latter being one of the most suitable cell sources for cell therapy, because of its easy accessibility, minimal morbidity, and abundance of cells. Bone marrow and subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue samples were collected, digested with collagenase if needed, and seeded in Iscove's medium containing 5% human platelet lysate. Nonadherent cells were removed after 2-3 days and the medium was replaced twice a week. Confluent adherent cells were detached, expanded, and analyzed for several biological properties such as morphology, immunophenotype, growth rate, senescence, clonogenicity, differentiation capacity, immunosuppression, and secretion of angiogenic factors. The results show significant differences between lines derived from subcutaneous fat compared to those derived from visceral fat, such as the higher proliferation rate of the first and the strong induction of angiogenesis of the latter. We are convinced that the identification of the peculiarities of MSCs isolated from different tissues will lead to their more accurate use in cell therapy.
Highlights
By definition mesenchyme is an embryonic tissue consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop
Adipose tissue (AT) has been proposed as a source of therapeutic stromal cells with functional characteristics overlapped to that of bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs); the large number of cells isolated from adipose tissues (ATs) and their higher proliferation rate early responds to the request of cells to be used for therapeutic purposes
To address some of the open questions concerning the biological properties of these cells, we isolated adiposederived mesenchymal stromal cells from surgical lipoaspirates (L-MSC) or from omentum (O-MSC) by collagenase digestion of the tissue, while BM-MSCs were obtained from bag washouts after scheduled bone marrow harvest
Summary
By definition mesenchyme is an embryonic tissue consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop. The first and most rich source for isolation of MSCs has been the bone marrow (BM) of different adult organisms. These cells were initially characterized as plastic adherent, fibroblastic-shaped, with a multipotency differentiation capacity both in vitro and in vivo. The discovery that the nonadipocyte, stromal fraction of adipose tissues (ATs) contains an abundant population of multipotent progenitors has identified a novel source of cells for therapeutic use. Both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue could be collected from different sites during clinical practice in a minimally invasive procedure. Morbidity to donors is considerably less, requiring only local anesthesia and exhibiting a short wound healing time [2]
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