Abstract
In this study, the performance of groundnut oil as an alternate cutting fluid was compared with that of soluble oil during machining of stainless steel. The temperature at the cutting zone, surface roughness and the chip formation were monitored under the two cutting conditions (soluble oil and vegetable oil). The machining parameters used were cutting speed (75 – 135 rev/min), feed rate (0.01 – 0.05 mm3/mm) and depth of cut (0.01 – 0.08 mm). The experiment was designed using Taguchi orthogonal array of Minitab 18 which generated a 9 run machining parameter mix for the experimentation. The Physiochemical properties of the various fluids were also analyzed to determine the properties and constituent elements of the cutting fluids. The actual machining of the stainless steel bar was done using a Colchester mastiff lathe machine. Results show that feed rate and cutting speed had the most significant effect on surface roughness during machining of stainless steel both with groundnut oil and soluble oil. Soluble oil was a better coolant but poorer in lubrication as vegetable oil reduced surface roughness more when used. Surface roughness value improved from 9.21μm during machining with soluble oil to 3.84μm during machining with groundnut oil which represented a 58.3% improvement. Hence, vegetable oil is therefore recommended as good alternative cutting fluid to soluble oil during machining of stainless steel.
Highlights
Machining is a material removal process used in the industrial sector to produce workpieces with required shape, dimensions, and surface finish [1]
3.1 Mean effects of S/N on Surface Roughness Tables 4 and 5 shows the experimental surface roughness result and response table for S/N ratio obtained for both machining with vegetable oil and soluble oil based cutting fluid
The higher viscosity of vegetable oil played a major part in its ability to reduce surface roughness because of its higher lubricating ability reducing more friction between workpiece and tool during turning than soluble oil, with a lower lubricating ability
Summary
Machining is a material removal process used in the industrial sector to produce workpieces with required shape, dimensions, and surface finish [1]. Cutting fluids have traditionally been used in machining operations to lubricate the chip-tool, tool-work piece interfaces, remove heat from the Work piece and cutting zone, flush away chips from the cutting area, and inhibit corrosion. While each of these four functions can be employed as justification for cutting fluid usage, it is widely believed that the primary functions of a cutting fluid are lubrication and cooling [2]. Straight oils or neat oils are non-water-soluble fluids formulated to reduce the friction between the tool and both the chips and work piece. They can be mineral (petroleum based) and animal oil. Results showed that vegetable based cutting oils were better than
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