Comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles through transesterification in macroalgae from Gulf of Mannar reveal Ulva lactuca for potent edible oil synthesis

Abstract

Selective macroalgae comprising green algae (Ulva lactuca), brown algae (Padina gymnosphora, Sargassam wightii, Turbinaria ornate) and red algae (Gracilaria corticata, Halimeda macrolopa, Halymenia dilatata, Gracilaria crassa) were collected from Gulf of Mannar, India. Taxonomic and molecular identification affirmed the identity of the microalgal species. Free fatty acids and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) synthesis by transesterification was assessed for cataloguing the edible oil source from the various macroalgae collected. Lipid components were extracted employing various solvents namely, Hexane, Chloroform: methanol (2:1), Chloroform: hexane (1:1), Chloroform: hexane (1:2) and Dichloromethane: methanol (2:1). The effects of different solvents based on Soxhlet extraction were preceded and GC-MS was utilized for cataloguing the various lipid components in the macroalgae. Furthermore, in vitro anticancer activity against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2 indicate 15.6µg/ml concentration showed significant cytotoxicity compared to control. Thus, the present report emphasizes the optimal role of Ulva lactuca as a potential edible oil source supplement, along with pharmaceutical and neutraceutical benefits.