Abstract
In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.
Highlights
The obtained results are divided into digitised objects, showing the visual effects of the generated 3D models, after using the 3D SLS and Structure from Motion (SfM) methods, before and after their processing, and the tables present detailed parameter values describing mesh models and textures
When scanning the jug (Artec Spider), three scans were made at different positions of the object on a manually rotated table covered with a special texture ensuring proper positioning of subsequent points of the surface taken from the object (Figure 4a)
It has been shown that it is possible to carry out works when employees of partner units are located in different geographic locations in Lublin (Poland) and Samarkand (Uzbekistan)
Summary
In the last two decades, the acquisition of three-dimensional data by laser scanning [6], using structured light [7] or SfM [2,8] has become one of the standard methods of documenting cultural heritage It makes it possible to analyse the shape, geometry historic artefacts in a safe way [9]. They do not damage the surface or structure of the exhibits, because the activities carried out using the abovementioned methods do not require direct contact with the analyzed object. Creative involvement in digital 3D models of heritage artefacts can stimulate learning and support new forms of activity using digital models of historic artifacts [12], e.g., it allows disseminating
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