Abstract
BackgroundCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a natural phenomenon of pollen abortion caused by the interaction between cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes. CMS is a simple and effective pollination control system, and plays an important role in crop heterosis utilization. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a vital type of non-coding RNAs, which play crucial roles in microRNAs (miRNAs) function and post-transcription control. To explore the expression profile and possible functions of circRNAs in the soybean CMS line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B, high-throughput deep sequencing coupled with RNase R enrichment strategy was conducted.ResultsCircRNA libraries were constructed from flower buds of NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B with three biological replicates. A total of 2867 circRNAs were identified, with 1009 circRNAs differentially expressed between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B based on analysis of high-throughput sequencing. Of the 12 randomly selected circRNAs with different expression levels, 10 showed consistent expression patterns based on high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Tissue specific expression patterns were also verified with two circRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR. Most parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in biological processes such as metabolic process, biological regulation, and reproductive process. Moreover, 83 miRNAs were predicted from the differentially expressed circRNAs, some of which were strongly related to pollen development and male fertility; The functions of miRNA targets were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the target mRNAs were significantly enriched in signal transduction and programmed cell death. Furthermore, a total of 165 soybean circRNAs were predicted to contain at least one internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element and an open reading frame, indicating their potential to encode polypeptides or proteins.ConclusionsOur study indicated that the circRNAs might participate in the regulation of flower and pollen development, which could provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of CMS in soybean.
Highlights
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a natural phenomenon of pollen abortion caused by the interaction between cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes
CMS is a maternally inherited phenotype caused by the interaction of cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes, which lead to pollen abortion but normal pistil development [2, 3]
Identification of circular RNA (circRNA) in soybean Total amount of sequence for each RNA libraries was ≥9 Gb with Q20 ≥ 93%, Q30 ≥ 85%, and an error rate ≤ 0.05 (Table 1), the depth and accuracy of high quality sequence was sufficient for subsequent analysis
Summary
CircRNA libraries were constructed from flower buds of NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B with three biological replicates. A total of 2867 circRNAs were identified, with 1009 circRNAs differentially expressed between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B based on analysis of high-throughput sequencing. Of the 12 randomly selected circRNAs with different expression levels, 10 showed consistent expression patterns based on high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Tissue specific expression patterns were verified with two circRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR. 83 miRNAs were predicted from the differentially expressed circRNAs, some of which were strongly related to pollen development and male fertility; The functions of miRNA targets were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the target mRNAs were significantly enriched in signal transduction and programmed cell death. A total of 165 soybean circRNAs were predicted to contain at least one internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element and an open reading frame, indicating their potential to encode polypeptides or proteins
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