Abstract
The traditional approach to assessing the quality of nutrient bases involves a determination of amino nitrogen and acidity. The disadvantage of this approach consists in a lack of information, i.e. an inability to detect antibiotics, growth inhibitors and other undesirable compounds. In this regard, more modern and informative methods are required to control the technological process of preparing the nutritional basis and therefore the quality of the products obtained. The aim of this work was to study the physicochemical properties of nutrient bases made from sea and river fish and squid using new approaches (NMR spectroscopy). The following raw materials were used: herring (1), roach (2), pollock (3), squid (4). The raw materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis by the pancreas (according to Hottinger). The qualitative composition of the organic component of hydrolysates (1–4) was determined by 1 H, 13 С and 15 N NMR spectroscopy. All of the 1H NMR spectra had the same appearance, typical of mixtures of amino acids or amino acid sequences. In the high-field part (0.9–2.5 ppm), a set of multiplets was observed, characteristic of aliphatic fragments of molecules. Since most of the signals in the 1H NMR spectra partially overlap, a quantitative assessment of the composition of the organic component appears impossible. All four samples can be confirmed as being qualitatively similar without isolating the dominant compound. Analysis of 2D NMR spectra revealed the presence of the following free amino acids in mixtures of samples (1–4): alanine, valine, threonine, arginine, lysine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and glycine. The use of NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that any discrepancies in the component composition of hydrolysates (1–4) were insignificant, allowing manufacturers of nutrient media to choose the most affordable raw materials. The obtained data appear to be applicable for controlling the technological process of preparing the nutrient bases and determining the quality of the resulting products during storage.
Highlights
Nutrient media are an integral component of microbiological research
The most common raw materials used as nutrient bases in the production of microbiological media are of animal origin1 [4]
The aim of this work is to study the component composition of nutrient bases made from sea and river fish, as well as squid, using new approaches, namely, NMR spectroscopy
Summary
Nutrient media are an integral component of microbiological research. Their quality and properties determine the accuracy and informativity of bacteriological analysis [1, 2]. The most common raw materials used as nutrient bases in the production of microbiological media are of animal origin1 [4]. In the manufacture of nutrient bases for microbiological media, other protein sources are applicable as meat substitutes [5, 6]. Meat bases, where possible, have been replaced with fish and casein, as well as their processed products. Other raw materials in the production of nutrient bases include fish industry waste, yeast autolysates, blood clots, chicken embryos, as well as plant materials, such as chlorella algae, peas, soybeans, tung tree fruits, milk whey, etc. Other raw materials in the production of nutrient bases include fish industry waste, yeast autolysates, blood clots, chicken embryos, as well as plant materials, such as chlorella algae, peas, soybeans, tung tree fruits, milk whey, etc. [7,8,9,10]
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