Compactación del suelo y su efecto en el crecimiento vegetativo de soja, maíz y guandú

Abstract

Soil compaction affects root growth and crop yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) crops in different soil densities. The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three crops (soybean, corn and pigeon pea) and four soil densities (0.9; 1.19, 1.39 and 1.59 g cm-3), with 4 replications. The experimental units consisted of PVC tubes with 20 cm diameter and 48.5 cm height, divided into sections: A (0-10 cm), B (10-13.5 cm), where the compaction was simulated and C (13.5-48.5 cm), respectively. ANAVA was used at 5% probability and where there was significance, Tukey test performed mean comparison. Plant height was determined at 30, 60 and 75 days, plant diameter, weight of green and dry matter, root area and root dry weight. Corn showed the highest values in the evaluated parameters of the aerial part. There was a significant difference between the soil compaction levels in plant height at 75 days with the highest soil density. In terms of area and dry weight of roots, they were higher in maize in sections A and B. Soil density negatively affected the dry weight of roots in section B, being higher with soil density of 1.19 g cm-3 (5.37 g pot-1) and smaller with density 1.59 g cm-3 (4.79 g pot-1). In section C soil density did not affect dry matter of soybean roots and pigeon pea, but decreased in corn. Soil compaction mainly affects the root development of corn, compared to soybean and pigeon pea