Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and review the zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antennas with outstanding characteristics including various applications that have been researched so far. Since the zeroth-order resonance frequency is independent of a physical length of antenna, the ZOR antenna can theoretically be designed quite small and have a possibility to apply to considerably lots of applications. First, we have presented the ZOR antennas implemented by double-negative (DNG), epsilon-negative (ENG), and mu-negative (MNG) transmission lines. Then, the research related on extremely small, wide beamwidth, wideband, and circularly polarized (CP) ZOR antennas have been continuously carried out. Based on a series of these studies, the ZOR antennas were utilized for various applications such as a wireless power transfer (WPT), a compact controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA), a penta-band mobile antenna, and a wide steering array antenna.
Highlights
Double-negative (DNG) materials, first introduced and analyzed theoretically by V.G
The DNG transmission line has a low level of loss and a broad bandwidth owing to the different type of dispersion relation comparing to the split ring resonators (SRRs)-wire structure so that it has been utilized to design radio frequency (RF) devices with the unique properties [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
To design the compact controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) array with high performance attributes such as an impedance matching (VSWR) value of less than 2, an isolation between array elements (‐3 dBic: L2 band), we employ two orthogonal muzero resonance (MZR) antennas, a superstrate, and chip couplers
Summary
Double-negative (DNG) materials, first introduced and analyzed theoretically by V.G. Veselago in 1968 [1], have received considerable attention since their unique properties were experimentally demonstrated in 2001 [2]. The artificial DNG materials composed of conducting split ring resonators (SRRs) and periodic thin wires are impractical because of their narrow bandwidth and lossy characteristics. In [3,4], a transmission line approach of DNG materials, which is composed of the combination of series capacitance and shunt inductance, was introduced for the radio frequency (RF) devices. The DNG transmission line has a low level of loss and a broad bandwidth owing to the different type of dispersion relation comparing to the SRR-wire structure so that it has been utilized to design RF devices with the unique properties [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12].
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