Abstract
Depression is a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM with comorbid depression increases the risk of cardiovascular events and death. Depression and T2DM and its macrovascular complications exhibited a two-way relationship. Regarding treatment, antidepressants can affect the development of T2DM and cardiovascular events, and hypoglycemic drugs can also affect the development of depression and cardiovascular events. The combination of these two types of medications may increase the risk of the first myocardial infarction. Herein, we review the latest research progress in the exacerbation of cardiovascular disease due to T2DM with comorbid depression and provide a rationale and an outlook for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in T2DM with comorbid depression.
Highlights
According to the 2021 International Diabetes Federation data [1], the global incidence of diabetes is 10.5% and is expected to increase to 12.2% by 2,045, making it one of the fastest growing global major health events of the 21st century
The results showed that depression and anxiety scores were predictors of cardiac ischemic events in patients with asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [12]
Other studies have analyzed the association between mood disorders and diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) from a genetic perspective [26], finding that depression, diabetes, and CVD may have multiple shared potential pleiotropic genes, affecting multiple signaling pathways such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways
Summary
According to the 2021 International Diabetes Federation data [1], the global incidence of diabetes is 10.5% and is expected to increase to 12.2% by 2,045, making it one of the fastest growing global major health events of the 21st century. The International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression (INTERPRET-DD) study [2] found that the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with T2DM was approximately 10.6%. Depression has a high incidence in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is an important risk factor for CVD [3]. As an adverse psychological factor that affects T2DM and CVD, the effect of depression on T2DM with comorbid CVD remains to be determined. In this mini review, the keywords “depression,” “depressive symptoms,” “depressive disorders,” “major depressive disorder,” “type 2 diabetes,” “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” “diabetes,” “cardiovascular disease,” “cardiovascular events,” “cardiovascular risk,” and “cardiovascular outcomes” were searched in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Clinical studies on the effect of T2DM with comorbid depression on CVD published in the past 5 years (from January 1, 2017, to January 1, 2022) were reviewed, and the effects of T2DM with comorbid depression on cardiovascular disease were summarized, providing a clinical reference for future studies on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease due to diabetes with comorbid depression
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