Abstract
Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly and adversely influence heart failure outcomes, especially in Black adult populations. Likewise, heart failure has a negative effect on diabetes and cardiometabolic outcomes. Dyspnea, a common symptom of heart failure, often correlates with disease severity and prognosis. However, the relationship between comorbid diabetes, dyspnea severity, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in Black adults with heart failure remains understudied. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine differences in the distressing heart failure symptom of dyspnea and in cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in Black adults living with heart failure with and without diabetes. Black adults with heart failure were enrolled in this cross-sectional pilot study. Cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were measured via multiplex immunoassay. Univariate general liner models were used to identify group differences between persons with heart failure with comorbid diabetes and those without, controlling for age, sex, and comorbid burden. Participants were mostly female with a mean age of 55 years and mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 33%. Participants with diabetes exhibited higher dyspnea scores compared to those without diabetes, indicating greater symptom burden. Moreover, individuals with comorbid diabetes demonstrated higher levels of cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. Comorbid diabetes was associated with higher dyspnea severity and adverse cardiometabolic profiles in Black adults with heart failure. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions addressing diabetes management and cardiometabolic risk factors to improve symptom control and outcomes in this high-risk population. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop tailored therapeutic strategies for managing comorbidities in persons with heart failure, particularly in minoritized communities.
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