Community livelihood improvement through social forestry and agraria reform in Indonesia: a critical thought

Abstract

The existence of a poor community, landless farmers and tenure conflict triggers the government to launch a social forestry (SF) and an agrarian reform (Land Object Agrararian Reform-TORA) program. Both programs should be evaluated periodically. The objectives of the research are to (i) explain the definition of SF and TORA and their target achievement, (ii) accelerate the target achievement of SF and TORA, (iii) analyze the community prosperity before and after SF and TORA implementation, and (iv) formulate a recommendation for the effectiveness of SF and TORA future implementation. The exploration of regulation substances uses content analysis and the explanation of the whole discussion uses the descriptive qualitative method. The research result reveals that the SF program has given management rights at the state forest. Meanwhile, the TORA program has distributed property (land) rights from the state land. Both programs have the same objectives that improve and increase the prosperity of their recipient target; however, both definitions are the difference between the old and the new definition. The good acceleration of both programs is the revision of their recipient target. The prosperity of the community should be enhanced by giving them access to capital, technology, relevant training, and the market. The effectiveness of the SF and TORA program can be acheived by implementing simple and appropriate actions for their six pilars (economical, social, ecological, professional, technical, and cultural) of target achievement.