Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is predominately associated with lifestyle changes including reduced physical activity, poor nutrition and obesity. Despite major medical advances in the treatment of T2D, its prevalence is still increasing at an alarming rate. Accordingly, better management and prevention strategies are urgently needed to prevent the development and progression of this disease. In the last decade there have been considerable efforts to improve public health through alternative research paradigms. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is one such process by which researchers form an equal and transparent partnership with the community with the final goal of creating empowerment and societal change to facilitate action and provide solutions to promote health and well-being. One CBPR program, the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP), was initiated to promote increased physical activity and healthier eating habits among school children based on the Mohawk’s “Living in Balance” philosophy. Utilizing CBPR principles, KSDPP engaged researchers and the community in all stages of the research processes. This project was community driven from the beginning and was independent of any external institutional change agent to facilitate community action and the implementation of strategies to find solutions. Although the project has been instrumental in community empowerment and societal change, several challenges remain. Accordingly, understanding the unique social, environmental and historical context that shapes lifestyle and risk factors for T2D in Native populations will help to understand the unique nature of this disease in these groups.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive and chronic metabolic disorder that continues to pose a major health issue worldwide [1]
The diabetes epidemic is most prevalent in non-Europid populations as evidenced by studies from Pacific and Indian Ocean island populations [4], Australian Aboriginal communities [5] and Native American and Canadian communities [6]
It has been reported that 57% of Native Americans (5-19 years of age) are overweight or obese, 30% are pre-hypertensive or hypertensive and 62% reported having a relative with diabetes [16]
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive and chronic metabolic disorder that continues to pose a major health issue worldwide [1]. In response to a growing concern about the high incidence of T2D and the perceived increases of obesity in children, coupled with the Mohawk tradition of caring for the future generations, prompted the Kahnawake community to partner with academic researchers to implement and evaluate a diabetes prevention program [12]. These processes would require longer intervention periods to achieve long-lasting lifestyle changes and the sustainability of these changes would most likely be successful with greater community empowerment, mobilization and participation In this context, has the KSDPP facilitated the tools to provide information and education to students on healthy lifestyle choices in an effort to reduce obesity and in extension diabetes in the community, but it has implemented empowerment within the community to take charge and action of the health issues and augment their traditional beliefs and practices with modernity that is acquired from western influences
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