Community-based bundled interventions for reproductive and child health in informal settlements: evidence, efficiency, and equity.

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Community-based bundled health interventions are complex and challenging to implement, monitor, and assess in informal settlements (slums). Such settlements in urban areas are generally characterised by congestion, squalid conditions, deprivation, violence, crime, and poor sanitation. In Asia and Africa, the numbers of informal settlements have grown exponentially in the large and mega cities of low-income and middle-income countries in the past few decades.1 Their growth has been driven by rapid urbanisation and economic opportunities, leading to and prompted by rural-to-urban migration of skilled and unskilled workers.