Communication Pattern Changes Along With Declined IGF1 of Immune Cells in COVID-19 Patients During Disease Progression.

Min Zhao,Penghui Yang,Zhen Liu,Shuo Wang,Wenjing Zhou,Zhu Chen,Fei Shao,Pengyan Xia

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.729990

Abstract

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, represents a global crisis. Most patients developed mild/moderate symptoms, and the status of immune system varied in acute and regulatory stages. The crosstalk between immune cells and the dynamic changes of immune cell contact is rarely described. Here, we analyzed the features of immune response of paired peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from the same patients during acute and regulatory stages. Consistent with previous reports, both myeloid and T cells turned less inflammatory and less activated at recovery phase. Additionally, the communication patterns of myeloid-T cell and T-B cell are obviously changed. The crosstalk analysis reveals that typical inflammatory cytokines and several chemokines are tightly correlated with the recovery of COVID-19. Intriguingly, the signal transduction of metabolic factor insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is altered at recovery phase. Furthermore, we confirmed that the serum levels of IGF1 and several inflammatory cytokines are apparently dampened after the negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thus, these results reveal several potential detection and therapeutic targets that might be used for COVID-19 recovery.

Highlights

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out at the end of 2019, it has caused more than one hundred million coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections with over three million deaths [1]
Dysfunctional myeloid cells might be correlated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and lymphopenia, which is commonly observed in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms [10]
peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) attained at early phase (Stage A) and late phase (Stage B) were performed for single-cell RNA sequencing (Figure 1A)

Summary

Introduction

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out at the end of 2019, it has caused more than one hundred million coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections with over three million deaths [1]. 20% of the patients developed severe diseases. Immune Cell Communication of COVID-19 transduction of the immune system of COVID-19 patients is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies. For the infection of SARS-CoV-2, the host undergoes acute and regulatory stage along with various immune features. Dysfunctional myeloid cells might be correlated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and lymphopenia, which is commonly observed in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms [10]. T and NK cells exhibited high expression of ISGs [6, 9, 11]

Methods

Results

Conclusion