Abstract
ABSTRACT The expansion of sorghum as a succession crop, after soybean, has demanded the development of new inbred lines by the breeding programs. The first step in the selection process consists of evaluating the performance per se of the inbred lines or of their hybrid combination. The purpose of this study was to determine the combining ability of sorghum inbred lines under different environment conditions of the crop production areas. The trials were carried out in the second season of 2017, under no-tillage system, in four environments, Rio Verde, Sete Lagoas, Teresina and Sinop. Thirty hybrids, resulting from the crosses of six fertility restoration lines (R) with five male-sterile lines (A) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used in all experiments. The characteristics evaluated were flowering, plant height and grain yield. The environment significantly influenced the estimates of general and specific combining ability, which suggests that both effects, additive and dominant, are important in the control of these characters. The restoring lines GI.1 and G1.2 contributed to increasing the grain yield of their hybrids by over 650 kg.ha-1. Among the male-sterile lines, the best for grain yield were GII. 1 and GII.4 with contribution above 450 kg.ha-1 in the hybrids in which they participate. The hybrid combinations GI.5xGII.3 and GI.1xGII.2 stood out with potential to obtain high grain yield, associating positive aspects of the other characteristics.
Highlights
Sorghum is grown predominantly in the Midwest, Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil, with the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia and Mato Grosso being the largest producers (CONAB, 2019)
The choice of the most promising genotypes to be used as parents in crossbreeding is one of the crucial steps in the breeding program, as it allows the majority of efforts to be dedicated to segregating populations potentially capable of providing superior progenies (VENCOVSKY; BARRIGA, 1992)
In the joint analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed between the hybrids for all the characteristics evaluated, confirming the presence of genetic variability between the parents, used in the partial diallel, and the hybrids originated from them (Table 1)
Summary
Sorghum is grown predominantly in the Midwest, Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil, with the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia and Mato Grosso being the largest producers (CONAB, 2019). The choice of the most promising genotypes to be used as parents in crossbreeding is one of the crucial steps in the breeding program, as it allows the majority of efforts to be dedicated to segregating populations potentially capable of providing superior progenies (VENCOVSKY; BARRIGA, 1992) In this case, the diallel breeding technique assists the breeder in choosing parents based on their genetic values and, mainly, considering their ability to combine, resulting in promising hybrids (MENEZES et al, 2017). It is possible to estimate the general and specific combining abilities (CRUZ; CARNEIRO; REGAZZI, 2014) This analysis elucidates the nature, magnitude and genetic actions involved in the expression of the evaluated characteristics, which are relevant for establishing routines for improving sorghum crop (PRAKASH et al, 2010)
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