Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is the primary spoilage fungus that causes green mold during postharvest in citrus. To reduce economic losses, developing more efficient and less toxic natural antimicrobial agents is urgently required. We previously found that the X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide (X33 AMOP), produced by Streptomyces lavendulae X33, exhibited a sterilization effect on P. digitatum. In this study, the effects, and physiological mechanisms of X33 AMOP as an inhibitor of P. digitatum were investigated. The transcriptional and metabolome profiling of P. digitatum exposed to X33 AMOP revealed 3648 genes and 190 metabolites that were prominently changed. The omics analyses suggested that X33 AMOP mainly inhibited P. digitatum growth by affecting cell integrity, genetic information delivery, oxidative stress tolerance, and energy metabolism. These findings provide helpful information regarding the antimicrobial mechanism of X33 AMOP against P. digitatum at the molecular level and indicate that X33 AMOP is a potential candidate to control P. digitatum.Graphical
Highlights
The rapid increase in the occurrence of novel food-borne diseases caused by microbial spoilage is of great concern to humans because of the concerns regarding food safety
We found that X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide (AMOP), a water-soluble ε-polylysine-analogous antimicrobial oligopeptide isolated from the fermentation liquor of the Streptomyces lavendulae strain X33 (CCTCC M2013163), had a strong bacteriostatic effect on P. digitatum (Lin et al 2020)
Results from the present study found that several pathways, including amino sugar, nucleotide sugar, starch, and sucrose metabolism, involved in cell wall biosynthesis were influenced by X33 AMOP incubation
Summary
The rapid increase in the occurrence of novel food-borne diseases caused by microbial spoilage is of great concern to humans because of the concerns regarding food safety. Liu et al (2019) showed that ε-poly-l-lysine efficiently controlled the disease progression of Alternaria alternata on tobacco plants by inhibiting spore germination and germ tube elongation, and downregulating the key genes involved in fungal development, and the peptide thanatin inhibited DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis, blocking P. digitatum growth. Due to their advantages of antifungal activity, lack of contamination, high level of drug resistance ability, extensive studies have been performed to improve the productivity and types of AMPs (Wang et al 2018a). Information regarding its mode of action on P. digitatum at the molecular level is limited and further investigation is required
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