Abstract
1. A method of thermomechanical treatment according to which the initial (untransformed) structure is work-hardened, followed by an immediate quenching so that a fine martensite structure is obtained after the structural change, results in an increased strength and ductility due to formation of an oriented arrangement of structural components and an increased number of mobile dislocations. 2. The use of a thermogagnetic treatment in which an external magnetic field is applied when a paramagnetic phase (austenite) transforms into a ferromagnetic one (martensite), is advantageous. The mechanical properties of the steel increase due to an orderly orientation of crystals refined by directed phase hardening and magnetostriction during saturation magnetizing. It is desirable to employ an electro-thermo-magnetic treatment using direct or induction heating in which the parts are cooled while under current, i.e. under a magnetic field. 3. A thermomechanical-magnetic treatment is advocated which provides work-hardening of the initial (untransformed) structure followed by a transformation of the crystals refined by working into martensite with a simultaneous superposition of the magnetic field which causes a new regular orientation and an additional structure refinement. 4. The suggested treatment, especially hardening in a magnetic field, makes the steel practically immune to temper embrittlement.
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