Combined Percutaneous Aspiration Thrombectomy and Rheolytic Thrombectomy in Massive Subacute Vena Cava Thrombosis With IVC Filter Occlusion

Abstract

To report the combined use of percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy and rheolytic thrombectomy in the setting of extensive inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis and filter occlusion. A 28-year-old paraplegic man with a vena cava filter in situ for previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was referred to our center for evaluation of dyspnea and right leg edema and swelling. Computed tomography excluded a pulmonary embolism and revealed severe, massive DVT of both iliac veins and the IVC, including the vena cava filter. Percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy was attempted because intravenous heparin therapy was ineffective, and moderate anemia contraindicated regional thrombolysis. Several passes of a guiding catheter proximally and distally to the filter, with suction provided by a 50-mL syringe, achieved minimal IVC recanalization. Subsequently, a 6-F AngioJet catheter was passed via the guiding catheter through the filter, the IVC, and both iliac veins, obtaining a satisfactory result. The patient was discharged after 7 days and did very well at 6-month follow-up, with no recurrent DVT. This case demonstrates the usefulness of combined percutaneous aspiration and rheolytic thrombectomy in treating extensive IVC thrombosis and occluded IVC filters, especially when thrombolytic therapy cannot be used.