Abstract
In the last few years, new technologies have become indispensable tools for specialists in the field of cultural heritage for the analysis, reconstruction and interpretation of data but also for promotion of artefacts or buildings sometimes inaccessible or in a bad state of conservation. The discipline of geomatics offer many opportunities and solutions for integrated digital surveys and the documentation of heritage (point-based methods, image-based photogrammetry and their combination): These data can be processed in order to derive metric information and share them using databases or GIS (geographic information system) tools. This paper is focused on the description of combined survey methodologies adopted for the geometric and architectural documentation of the site and surviving structures of the Castel of Scalea (Cosenza, Italy). It is a typical context where traditional survey procedures do not fully succeed or require a longer amount of time and great effort if a high level of accuracy is requested: For this reason, aerial close-range digital photogrammetry enhanced by the GNSS (global navigation satellite system), and total station positioning systems have been used at various levels of detail for the production of a detailed 3D model and 2D thematic maps with an excellent level of in the positioning of the structures and in the architectural drawing. Thanks to the collected dataset, it was possible to better identify the building units (CF), to digitize the limits of the masonry stratigraphic units (USM), and to draw up a first constructive diachronic sequence hypothesis on which to base chronology. Moreover, some particular masonry techniques have been sampled and compared at the regional level with the aim to better dating of constructive expedients. It was finally demonstrated how the use of integrated methodologies allows us to obtain a complete and detailed documentation including information regarding not only architectural and geometrical features but also archaeological and historical elements, building materials and decay evidences—all useful as support of the interpretation of data.
Highlights
The current study is part a wider research project concerning the Encastellation phenomenon and the settlement on Mediterranean feudal areas, started in the end of the 90s by the Chair of Medieval Archaeology of the University of Florence [1] and continuing to date with several papers by E
It is a typical context where traditional survey procedures do not fully succeed or require a longer amount of time and great effort if a high level of accuracy is requested: For this reason, aerial close-range digital photogrammetry enhanced by the GNSS, and total station positioning systems have been used at various levels of detail for the production of a detailed 3D model and 2D thematic maps with an excellent level of in the positioning of the structures and in the architectural drawing
One of the advantages of the image-based survey is linked to the possibility of exploiting the algorithms of structure from the motion (SfM) range imaging technique, which is able to reconstruct the surface and volume of a given object in the three dimensions through the automatic collimation of common points between adjacent frames
Summary
The current study is part a wider research project concerning the Encastellation phenomenon and the settlement on Mediterranean feudal areas, started in the end of the 90s by the Chair of Medieval Archaeology of the University of Florence [1] and continuing to date with several papers by E. Our research ffiits into this chronological range and aims to add a piece to a complex historical mosaic, suchh as the Encastellllaattiioonn ooff Soouutthheerrnn IIttaallyy, which represents a solution for the organization and management of the territory and for the prootteeccttiioonn aanndd ccoonnttrrooll oofftthheevviiaabbiilliittyy. IInn ffaacctt,, oonnllyy ffeeww ddaattaa rreellaattiinngg ttoo ssoommee ppaarrttss ooff bbuuiillddiinnggss have been reported by way of example, waiting for an overall and exhaustive edition of the historical, stratigraphic, and chronological data of which the two authors are already taking care. A total station (TST) was helpful to collect points for a smaller scale survey of diagnostic walls and to document architectural stratigraphic layers. The achieved results were merged into a GIS (geographic information system) environment and proceTshseedacfohrietvheedpurerspuolstes owfeorbetmaineringgedthienmtoaaticGmISa(pgse,owghrailpehailcl tihnefoerlmevaattiioonnsdyrsatwemin)gesnwveirroenpmerefnotrmanedd pinroacCesAseDdefnovrirtohnempeunrt.pose of obtaining thematic maps, while all the elevation drawings were perfoTrmhiesdapinparoCacAhD, wenhvicihrocnomuledntb.e defined as “global” [8] due to its interdisciplinary nature, makeTshuisseapopf rtohaechhi,swtohriiccahl-caoruchldaeboelodgeifcinaledtraads i“tigolnobalalt”oo[8ls] odfureestoeairtschin(tbeirbdliioscgirpalpinhaircyrensaetaurrceh,,instufadcyt mofawkersitutesne soofuthrceehs,issttorraitciaglr-aaprchhicaeaonlaolgyisciaslotrfaedleitvioantiaolntso,oplseroiof dreizseaatirocnh,(sbtiubdliyogorfahpihsticorriecsaelabruchil,dsitnugdsy), oafdwdirnitgtetnhesomuorsctesin, nstorvataitgirvaeptheicchannoalolygsiiessoufseelfeuvlaftoior nths,epseurrivoedyizinagti,omn,asntuagdeymoefnhti,satonrdicianltebrupirldetiantgios)n, aodf ddiantga.the most innovative technologies useful for the surveying, management, and interpretation of data
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