Combined epidural and general anesthesia for abdominal aortic surgery

Abstract

The hypothesis that combined epidural and light general anesthesia for infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery is associated with a more stable intraoperative course and less postoperative morbidity than general anesthesia alone was tested. The authors compared intraoperative hemodynamic variables and postoperative morbidity between a group with combined epidural and general anesthesia (n = 30) and a group with general anesthesia (n = 19). Patients who had combined epidural and general anesthesia were given epidural bupivacaine intraoperatively and epidural morphine postoperatively. After crossclamping of the aorta, cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure did not change in the group with combined epidural and general anesthesia, whereas cardiac index decreased (mean change, 0.30 L/min/m2; P = 0.0006) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased (mean change, 1 mm Hg; P = 0.007) in the group with general anesthesia. After unclamping, cardiac index increased in both groups (mean change, 0.26 L/min/m2, P = 0.002, and 0.30 L/min/m2, P = 0.001, respectively). Postoperatively, the necessity for ventilatory support and the incidence of respiratory failure were lower in the combined epidural and general anesthesia group than in the general anesthesia group ( P = 0.0002 and P = 0.018, respectively). In addition, vasodilator therapy was required less frequently in the group with combined epidural and general anesthesia ( P = 0.002). Duration of intensive care unit stay was shorter in the combined epidural and general anesthesia group (2.7 days v 3.8 days, P = 0.003). These data indicate that for infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery, combined epidural and general anesthesia is associated with more stable intraoperative hemodynamics and significantly less postoperative morbidity than general anesthesia alone.