Combined Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Hybrid Rice (Palethwe-1)

Kyi Moe,Kumudra Win Mg,Kyaw Kyaw Win,Takeo Yamakawa

doi:10.4236/ajps.2017.85068

Abstract

We investigated the effect of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of hybrid rice (Palethwe-1) in the dry and wet seasons of 2015. Four quantities of inorganic fertilizer were used in the main plot [0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] based on the recommended amounts of 150 kg N ha-1, 70 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1, while different organic manures were applied to subplots [no organic manure (O0), cow manure (Oc), poultry manure (Op), and vermicompost (Ov); all at 5 t·ha-1] as part of a split-plot experimental design with three replicates. In both seasons, significant differences in growth parameters including number of tillers hill-1, soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values, total dry matter, yield, and yield components were observed in plants supplied with different inorganic fertilizers. The 100% NPK (I100) fertilizer produced the maximum yield but similar yields were achieved in plots supplied with 50% NPK (I50) and 75% NPK (I75). Significant differences in growth and yield parameters were also found in crops supplied with organic manures. Although identical quantities were supplied, Op produced the best growth parameters in both seasons including total dry matter, yield, and yield components. Oc also performed well. Combining inorganic and organic fertilizers demonstrated that I50 together with Op (5 t·ha-1) provided similar growth, total dry matter, and yield parameters to I100 in both seasons. Oc (5 t·ha-1) plus I75 also achieved similar yields to I100. This study demonstrates that the combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures has the potential to reduce chemical fertilizer usage without decreasing the yield of hybrid rice, and can enhance the growth, yield, and yield components of Palethwe-1.

Highlights

Rice is a staple food in Asia where approximately 92% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed [1]
This study demonstrates that the combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures has the potential to reduce chemical fertilizer usage without decreasing the yield of hybrid rice, and can enhance the growth, yield, and yield components of Palethwe-1
The results of this study suggest that the quantities of chemical fertilizers used for hybrid rice cultivation in the dry zone of Myanmar could be significantly reduced and replaced by organic manures

Summary

Introduction

Rice is a staple food in Asia where approximately 92% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed [1]. In China, approximately half of the total 30 million hectares used for growing rice contains hybrid rice and this produces 103.5 million tons (17% of the world’s paddy rice production), which is 22.5 million tons of extra paddy every year. This extra production conserves approximately 6 million hectares of land and hybrid rice contributes to food security and plays an important part in protection of the global environment [4]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion