Abstract
Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of the beneficial nematodes and two biopesticides when used alone or in combination against the greasy cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) in infested strawberry field as a new approach of integrated pest management (IPM). Under laboratory conditions, l arvae and pupae of A. ipsilon were highly susceptible to the two nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsal (Sc) and Heterorahabditis bacteriophora(Hb) when used separately and the percentage mortality increase with increase the dose of nematodes. The concentration of 100 IJs was more effective than 25 IJs for both of the two spe cies of nematodes used. The two biopesticides: spinosad and proclaim were more effective than nematodes when used separately, spinosad was more significant effective than proclaim. Mixing of nematodes and both spinosad and proclaim increased efficacy and significance of mixtures under the laboratory and field conditions , while the effects of nematodes and biopesticides when used alone or mixed in the laboratory was higher than in the field.
Highlights
The continuous application of synthetic chemical insecticides resulted in numerous problematical situations including development of insect resistance, food hazards, ground water contamination and destruction of natural enemies
The same technique was repeated with the biopesticides with slight modification that strawberry leaves previously dipped at the desired concentration of 0.125 mg/L, for each other, recommended dose according to Agriculture Ministry (2007) and experiment replicated three times
Susceptibility of A. ipsilon to entomopathogenic nematodes: The obtained results in Table (1) show that mean mortality by the EPN (Sc) and (Hb) have no significant difference among all the treatments (P < 0.05) they numerically differences ranging from (70 – 100%) and (50-100%) for larvae and pupae treated with Steinernema carpocapsal (Sc) nematode, respectively, and ranging from (80-100%) and (70-100%) for larvae and pupae treated with Heterorahabditis bacteriophora (Hb) nematode, respectively (Figs. 1 and 2)
Summary
The continuous application of synthetic chemical insecticides resulted in numerous problematical situations including development of insect resistance, food hazards, ground water contamination and destruction of natural enemies. Twenty five individuals of 4th larval instars and 2 days old pupae of A. ipsilon were treated in Petri dishes (one larva or pupa / dish furnished with filter paper, sprayed with 1 ml of different concentrations of a nematode suspension above it some strawberry leaves).
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