Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the major microorganisms that causes failure of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of apigenin and its synergistic effect with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in treating E. faecalis biofilms. The antibacterial activities were characterized by viability analysis including colony forming units and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses. The effect on biofilm biomass was measured using a crystal violet staining method. Live and dead bacteria bio-volumes were determined by CLSM analysis, and the morphology of E. faecalis biofilm after treatment with apigenin and apigenin + RGO was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The viability of E. faecalis in biofilms decreased by apigenin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. While apigenin alone did not significantly affect the biofilm biomass, apigenin + RGO reduced the biomass in an apigenin concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, the bio-volume of live bacteria decreased and the bio-volume of dead bacteria increased in apigenin-treated biofilms. According to SEM images, apigenin + RGO-treated samples showed less E. faecalis in biofilms than apigenin-only treated samples. The results suggested that the combined use of apigenin and RGO could be a potential strategy for effective endodontic disinfection.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
