Abstract
The mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Baker) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), vector of Citrus leprosis virus, is typically controlled using synthetic pesticides. However, alternative control strategies are required to reduce pesticide use for more sustainable citrus production. The mortality of B. yothersi following combined application of fungal pathogens and predatory mites was evaluated. First, we quantified susceptibility of B. yothersi adults to infection when treated with conidial suspensions (1 × 108 conidia mL−1) of three fungal isolates, Bb88 (Beauveria bassiana), Ma129 (Metarhizium anisopliae) and Pfr4 (Cordyceps fumosorosea). Then, we evaluated the feeding preference (choice and no choice) of the predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Amblyseius swirskii for eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of B. yothersi. In addition, we evaluated the searching capacity of both predators when foraging for eggs of B. yothersi. Finally, the mortality of B. yothersi adults exposed to predatory mites contaminated with conidia of two fungal isolates was determinated. Isolates Bb88 and Ma129 caused the highest mortality in B. yothersi. Both predatory mites preferred to consume eggs, followed by larvae and then nymphs, but not adults of B. yothersi, in both experiments (choice and no choice). The predatory mite A. swirskii had a greater search capacity than N. californicus. The greatest mortality of B. yothersi adults was achieved when predatory mites contaminated with conidia were used (especially isolate Ma129 [approx. 80%]), compared with treatments of predatory mites alone (approx. 35%). The predatory mite A. swirskii and the fungus M. anisopliae (Ma129) was the most promising combination for further evaluation for biological control of B. yothersi.
Published Version
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