Abstract
This work provides insight on the prediction of the mechanical behaviour of isotropic porous pure metals using empirical and structural-analytical models and proposes two new combinatorial structural-analytical models for the estimation of the mechanical properties. Porous metals such as foams are advanced engineering materials and therefore the prediction of their properties for their optimisation is beneficial. Nevertheless, the estimation of their mechanical behaviour generally relies on semi-empirical models, which are limited to specific materials (i.e. type of metal + type of internal structure + individual property) and for which empirical constants need to be determined. Among the available structural-analytical models, which were developed to estimate mathematically equivalent thermophysical properties, the Symmetric and Interconnected Skeleton Structural (SISS) model gives the best prediction over a broad range of volume fraction of pores (i.e. 0.4–1.0) but always significantly overestimates the elongation to failure. This study presents the derivation of new combinatorial structural-analytical models that are able to rapidly and accurately predict the Young modulus plus ultimate tensile strength and the elongation to failure, respectively, across the entire range of volume fraction of pores. These models have physical bases, are not time- and computing-intensive (thus rapid and low cost), and have reasonable accuracy for materials whose microstructure is uncertain.
Highlights
The mixture of two or more existing materials in a chosen architecture to superimpose their properties is termed as the creation of hybrid materials
This is because they generally have controlled meso- and micro-pores distributed within the microstructure, which gives rise to unique combinations of properties. This makes them attractive for a great variety of engineering applications [1,2]. Such applications include: (1) lightweight sandwich panels [3]; (2) impact energy absorption devices [4]; (3) heat sinks [5]; and (4) artificial bone replacements [6]
Empirical and structural-analytical models were applied to analyse the mechanical behaviour of isotropic porous pure metals both from purposely made samples and from data available in the literature
Summary
The mixture of two or more existing materials in a chosen architecture to superimpose their properties is termed as the creation of hybrid materials. Regarding the prediction of the mechanical behaviour of porous materials in general, and the tensile properties in particular, either numerical simulations or semi-empirical models need to be used. The former are rigorous time- and computing-intensive simulations done using the finite difference or the finite element methods in order to describe the physical structure accurately. From literature about the estimation of properties such as electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and magnetic permeability of porous materials, structural-analytical models are generally preferred over numerical simulation due to their physical basis, rapid and low cost of calculation, and reasonable accuracy even when the microstructure is uncertain [19]. New combinatorial structuralanalytical models able to successfully predict the mechanical behaviour (viz. E, UTS and El) of porous materials over the whole range of volume fraction of pores are proposed/derived and their accuracy discussed
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