Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) as a structural and biochemical scaffold to surrounding cells plays significant roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we show the novel combination of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) and surface-N-deacetylated chitin nanofiber (SDCtNF), respectively, having carboxylate and amine groups on each crystalline surface, for mouse fibroblast cell culture. The TOCNF/SDCtNF composite scaffolds demonstrated characteristic cellular behavior, strongly depending on the molar ratios of carboxylates and amines of polysaccharide NFs. Pure TOCNF substrate exhibited good cell attachment, although intact carboxylate-free CNF made no contribution to cell adhesion. By contrast, pure SDCtNF induced crucial cell aggregation to form spheroids; nevertheless, the combination of TOCNF and SDCtNF enhanced cell attachment and subsequent proliferation. Molecular blend of carboxymethylcellulose and acid-soluble chitosan made nearly no contribution to cell culture behavior. The wound healing assay revealed that the polysaccharide combination markedly promoted skin repair for wound healing. Both of TOCNF and SDCtNF possessed rigid nanofiber nanoarchitectures with native crystalline forms and regularly-repeated functional groups, of which such structural characteristics would provide a potential for developing cell culture scaffolds having ECM functions, possibly promoting good cellular adhesion, migration and growth in the designated cellular microenvironments.
Highlights
An extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular biocomponent filled up in the intercellular spaces within tissues and organs, which is well known as structural and biochemical scaffolding constituents, such as collagen with a rigid nanofibrous protein, proteoglycans composed of core proteins and glycosaminoglycan chains, and a linear polysaccharide, e.g., hyaluronan [1]
In recent years, we have reported the carboxylate content-dependent cell proliferation of mouse fibroblasts by using tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF)-based cell culture scaffolds, on which cellular behavior varied according to the surface physicochemistry [29]
The morphology of polysaccharide nanofibers used in this study, TOCNF, surface-N-deacetylated chitin nanofiber (SDCtNF)
Summary
An extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular biocomponent filled up in the intercellular spaces within tissues and organs, which is well known as structural and biochemical scaffolding constituents, such as collagen with a rigid nanofibrous protein, proteoglycans composed of core proteins and glycosaminoglycan chains, and a linear polysaccharide, e.g., hyaluronan [1] These biological components found in vivo provide the structural frameworks for cell adhesion and growth, subsequently affecting proliferation and differentiation of the attached cells [2]. NFs with different ratios providing a potential to usedemonstrated these structurally-defined polysacfibers and repeated functional groups ofand nano-polysaccharides the unique charide NFs as a new candidate for developing cell culture scaffolds.
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