Abstract
Taxol (paclitaxel) is a powerful anti-cancer drug widely used against several types of malignant tumors. Because Taxol may exert several side effects, a variety of formulations have been developed. One of these features liposomes, regarded as one of the most promising drug carriers, biocompatible and best able to reduce drug toxicity without changing efficacy against tumor cells. Eruca sativa seed extract (SE) is considered a promising natural product from cruciferous vegetables against breast cancer, increasing chemotherapeutic and eliminating harmful side effects. The effects of Taxol-encapsulated liposomes (T) alone and in combination between Eruca sativa seed extract on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression levels were investigated in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) using qRT-PCR. The results showed that DMBA increased NF-κB, COX-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and lipid peroxidation (LP), while decreasing glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant concentration (TAC) compared to the control group. T and T-SE treatment reduced NF-κB, COX-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and LP. Hence, T and T-SE treatment appeared to reduce inflammation and cell proliferation, while increasing apoptosis, GST and SOD activities and TAC.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world
The effects of Taxol-encapsulated liposomes (T) alone and in combination between Eruca sativa seed extract on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression levels were investigated in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) using qRT-PCR
The current study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination between Taxol-encapsulated liposome and Eruca Sativa seed extract against DMBA-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis through the study of gene expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and Bcl-2, as well as lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters
Summary
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. The most common types of breast cancer are ductal and lobular carcinoma (Zeeneldin et al, 2013). 7, 12 dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) is an immunosuppressor and a powerful organ-specific laboratory carcinogen, it serves as a tumor initiator (Saha and Hait, 2012). The most common types of breast cancer are ductal and lobular carcinoma (Zeeneldin et al, 2013). Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an effective anticancer agent against variety of human tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer and melanoma (Rowinsky et al, 1990). Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expression of various genes, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), that involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cytoprotection, carcinoge¬nesis, and inflammation. The activation and regulation of the expression of these gene products leading to cell cycle arrest, suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis (Escarcega et al, 2007). Cancer cells develop the ability to avoid apoptosis through the upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins and/or downregulation of proapoptotic signalling pathways. Bcl-2 family of both pro- and antiapoptotic proteins are central regulators of apoptosis
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