Combating Modern Bondage: The Development of a Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Human Trafficking

Abstract

This article traces the development of the anti-human trafficking movement within the USA and makes recommendations for future work to eradicate trafficking. Most of the cases that came to light in the 1990s took place in other countries, and as a result, early anti-trafficking efforts focused on international interventions. The USA took the legislative lead with the passage of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000, which outlined a “3 P” approach (prevention of trafficking, prosecution of traffickers, and protection of victims). Recognizing the need for a multi-disciplinary response within the Executive Branch, the law called for US government agencies to create strategic plans to address human trafficking. Alongside the new law, NGOs and governmental agencies created services tailored to trafficked individuals. In the beginning, responses revolved around rescue and restoration of trafficked persons and the prosecution of the traffickers. More recently, NGOs have targeted prevention efforts. Perhaps the most exciting new development is the emergence of survivors in the movement: Survivors have contributed new information and leadership. For example, in the area of health and human trafficking, survivors have provided qualitative and quantitative information that has led to new training programs for health providers across the country. With both governmental and nongovernmental entities working together, the USA has made significant progress since 2000. Still continually emerging evidence shows that human trafficking remains a significant problem and there is much still to be done.