Abstract
This comparative study examines the issue of combating crime with criminalistic methods. It focuses on the role and significance of criminalistics in the system of substantive and criminal procedural law as a science standing at the forefront of the fight against crime. The criminals and their offenses as well as the investigation of criminal cases and judicial proceedings are the objects of the analysis. The correlation between the criminal sciences and general trends in the development of a number of European and BRICS countries (with China as an example) has been emphasized. Joint research into the most pressing problems of combating crime is believed to improve the efficiency of law enforcement activities. From this perspective, there is a need to develop a universal framework of categories and concepts which will help to create a unified forensic area in Europe and the BRICS countries.
Highlights
The globalization of the world economy and joint projects conducted by different countries in a number of spheres including the fight against crime necessitate an understanding of counter-crime methods and means
It focuses on the role and significance of criminalistics in the system of substantive and criminal procedural law as a science standing at the forefront of the fight against crime
In France, Belgium and some other European countries, the terms “scientific police,”“police techniques”and“technical police”are used; they relate to a set of methods and techniques for detecting and fixing traces left at a crime scene.[2]
Summary
Since criminal sciences share common objects of cognition, it is necessary to specify and differentiate their subject areas This is due in part to the improvement of information technology used both in the commission of a criminal act and in the investigation of crime. As the targets of the research, the authors have identified the crime (criminal activity) and the criminal, as well as the activities for investigation of the crime and judicial review, the latter being the two types of human activity viewed through the prism of the system-activity approach These two types of human activity constitute the dual object of cognition in criminalistics. The study of crime and the criminal required the differentiation of subject areas in the sciences of substantive law, criminal procedural law and criminalistics, since all of them dealt with the object of cognition to some extent. Strogovich, The Course of Criminal Procedure] 101–102 (Мoscow: Gosyurizdat, 1968)
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