Colorless to Neutral Color Electrochromic Devices Based on Asymmetric Viologens.

Abstract

Electrochromic materials have extensively been investigated because of their potential fields of application, with a significant growing interest in expanding the provided colorations. However, among all palette of colors, colorless electrochromic devices (ECDs) that provide neutral-grayish colorations with a simple configuration remain a key challenge. The present study reports on the synthesis of asymmetrically 1-alkyl-1'-aryl-substituted viologens and their incorporation in PVA-borax gel polyelectrolytes for ECDs that constitute the simplest device architecture (glass/TCO/EC gel/TCO/glass). We demonstrate herein that these EC gels based on single asymmetric viologens provide more neutral-colored state than their corresponding symmetric viologens (a* and b* ≤ |15|), while maintaining satisfactory colorless bleached state (%Tb > 70% in the whole visible range), transmittance changes (i.e., ∼60%) and cyclability (i.e., ∼15 000 cycles). Additionally, the effect of the solvent on the observed coloration has also been investigated. This easy-to-make neutral-grayish color ECDs may significantly extend the potential of the electrochromic technology, because they adapt better aesthetically to the surrounding environment, as they are easier to implement in different applications.