Abstract
Natural dyestuff has reverted its position in the colouration of textile substrates due to rising concerns of consumers and buyers, particularly about environmental impacts and health issues. Eucalyptus leaves were selected in this study as a source of natural dye along with some of the most generally used mordants to observe the impact of dyeing on jute fabric while trying to keep the dyeing parameters at a minimum level. Dyes were extracted from eucalyptus leaves by boiling in water. Then, the fabric was pre-mordanted using different synthetic mordanting agents, such as alum, potassium dichromate, copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate, which are generally used to substantively enhance the dyestuff on textile fabrics and to improve the fastness properties. Synthetic mordant was used here instead of natural mordant due to the better dyeing compatibility of jute fabric with eucalyptus leaves, since natural mordant has little effect on jute fabric during the process of dyeing. Another aim of this research is to curb the time and energy consumption of the jute dyeing process and so the dyeing is carried out at 75 °C for about 30 minutes. Various types of evaluations were conducted through visual assessment, checking the colour-coordinate values and colour strength values. While colour fastness properties were evaluated by different fastness testing, such as colour fastness to water, washing, rubbing and perspiration. This dyeing process yields a colour range from yellowish to brown with the variation of mordants applied on the fabric. In addition to that, colour co-ordinate and colour strength values ensure better results of dyed fabrics pretreated with ferrous sulphate. Jute fabric dyed with only extracted eucalyptus solution provided satisfactory results in all colour fastness tests, while fabric treated with different mordants showed variations in fastness ratings, and fabric treated with ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate had slightly better fastness ratings.
Highlights
From ancient times onwards, colour from natural sources has been used enormously in various areas on a daily basis; for food, hair, medicine, furniture and even fabrics
Jute fabric dyed with only extracted eucalyptus solution provided satisfactory results in all colour fastness tests, while fabric treated with different mordants showed variations in fastness ratings, and fabric treated with ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate had slightly better fastness ratings
It was observed from the pictorial view of all dyed samples (Figure 1) that jute fabric, which was dyed with only extracted eucalyptus leaves, provides prominent colour, whereas jute fabric, which was pretreated with different mordanting agents does not
Summary
Colour from natural sources has been used enormously in various areas on a daily basis; for food, hair, medicine, furniture and even fabrics. Eucalyptus leaves contain up to 11% of tannin, gallic acid and ellagic acid – a pivotal part of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which enable the dyeing of natural fabrics, including wool and silk [16]. These two components are very useful in the dyeing process as they fix up the colour to the fabric. A study conducted by Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Jiri Krystufek, Jakub Wiener and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit showed what happens when natural dye was extracted from eucalyptus leaves and applied to wool fabric.
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