Colorectal Cancer Screening in Women with Endometrial Cancer: Are We Following the Guidelines?

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy. There is an association between CRC and endometrial cancer (EC). Up to 10% of this linkage may be due to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer but in the majority of patients a genetic disorder is not found. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines on CRC since 2005 have suggested that women with endometrial or ovarian cancer diagnosed at less than 60 years of age have CRC screening with colonoscopy beginning at age 40 or at time of diagnosis of the gynecologic tumor. We assessed our population of women with EC to determine if women were receiving CRC screening after a diagnosis of EC. Electronic medical records of all women diagnosed at our institution with EC predominantly between 1997 and 2007 were reviewed. We assessed age at diagnosis, tumor type, family history of malignancy, CRC screening, and findings at CRC screening and recorded the information in a database. Patients were evaluated for the Amsterdam and Bethesda criteria. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Two hundred sixty-seven women with EC were evaluated. The median age was 66; 39% were less than age 60 at diagnosis. Family history of CRC was present in 25 (9.4%) of EC patients. Of these women, 125 (46.8%) had CRC screening, with 12 (9.6%) being screened for CRC within 1 year of diagnosis and 33 (26.4%) screened for CRC before diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Of the women, 142 (53.2%) did not have CRC screening reported. Of the women screened, ten had adenomatous polyps with one of those polyps being greater than 1 cm, four had tubulovillous histology, and three had CRC. Colonoscopy was performed in 59.2% of women who underwent CRC screening. One woman met criteria for Amsterdam and Bethesda criteria. Less than half of women with EC received screening for CRC. Women who were screened had significant pathology in 13.6% of cases and 2.4% had colon cancer. The NCCN guidelines should be more aggressively followed by physicians who care for women. A prospective colonoscopy screening study on these women with EC to assess the yield and utility in screening in this population is needed.