Abstract
The wide range of restorative materials available for use in the computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology requires a better understanding of their esthetic properties. The aim of the study was to assess the stability of the color and translucency of different CAD/ CAM restorative materials before and after being subjected to different staining solutions. A total of 160 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from glass ceramic (IPS-e.max®-CAD and Celtra Duo®), high-translucency zirconia (LavaTM Plus), resin nanoceramic (LavaTM Ultimate), and hybrid ceramic (VITA ENAMIC®) CAD/CAM blocks (5 groups, n = 32). The specimen color and translucency parameter (TP) were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after subjecting the specimens to different staining solutions (coffee, cola, ginger, and water). Changes in color (ΔE) and TP (ΔTP) were calculated. The data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). The correlation between ΔE and ΔTP was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Staining significantly affected the baseline color of all specimens. Ginger had the most significant effect on Lava Plus (ΔE = 4.01 ±1.2), cola on Celtra Duo (ΔE = 2.29 ±0.25) and coffee on Lava Ultimate (ΔE = 2.59 ±0.17). Generally, IPS-e.max-CAD showed the smallest ΔE. No significant differences in ΔTP were found between different staining solutions. Increased ΔE correlated with decreased translucency for all the tested materials and staining solutions. Staining had a marked effect on the color and translucency of the tested CAD/CAM materials. The color change was staining solutionand material-dependent, with IPS-e.max-CAD showing the greatest color stability.
Highlights
The use of computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has rapidly increased in recent years due to spectacular technological advances
No significant differences in ΔTP were found between different staining solutions
Ginger and coffee had the most significant effect, followed by cola, whereas water had the least effect on ΔE, as demonstrated by the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (F = 5.03; p = 0.0035)
Summary
The use of computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has rapidly increased in recent years due to spectacular technological advances. The main advantage of this technology is the possibility of using homogenous and defect-free ceramic blocks[1] in the production of esthetic restorations during a single appointment.[2] The range of currently available materials includes glass ceramics, zirconia, resin nanoceramics, and – most recently – hybrid ceramics. The wide range of restorative materials available for use in the computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology requires a better understanding of their esthetic properties
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