Collembola community contains larger species in frequently flooded soil

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly affecting biotic communities, including soil fauna. Extreme weather events such as the incidence of heavy rainfall or prolonged drought can cause strong fluctuations in soil moisture. In river floodplains such extreme events determine the flooding intensity of the river bank grassland soils, and their communities. The diversity and distribution of many soil fauna groups depends on soil moisture content, so changes in inundation frequency and duration will impact soil fauna communities. We used the natural fluctuations in water levels of large Dutch rivers to investigate the effect of flooding intensity on the composition and traits of Collembola species, a key group of the soil fauna community. At five locations along large rivers in The Netherlands, we sampled Collembola communities at six levels of decreasing elevation and increasing flooding intensity. We identified all Collembola to species level and calculated species richness, composition and abundance values. Moreover, to understand the observed taxonomic changes across elevation we used the traits body size and life form to explain the change in Collembola community composition. Our results show that high flooding intensity favors larger Collembola species in the community. We hypothesize that high soil moisture in frequently flooded soil favors larger Collembola, which tolerate flooding. Life form, i.e. the preferred depth in the soil column, was significantly correlated with flooding intensity. There is an optimum in species richness and abundance at intermediate flooding intensity. These results can help predict the impact of climate change on soil fauna.