Abstract
We examine the superradiance of a Bose–Einstein condensate pumped with a Laguerre–Gaussian laser of high winding number, e.g., . The laser beam transfers its orbital angular momentum (OAM) to the condensate at once due to the collectivity of the superradiance. An ℓ-fold rotational symmetric structure emerges with the rotatory superradiance. ℓ number of single-charge vortices appear at the arms of this structure. Even though the pump and the condensate profiles initially have cylindrical symmetry, we observe that it is broken to ℓ-fold rotational symmetry at the superradiance. Breaking of the cylindrical symmetry into the ℓ-fold symmetry and OAM transfer to the condensate become significant after the same critical pump strength. Reorganization of the condensate resembles the ordering in the experiment by Esslinger and colleagues (2010 Nature 264 1301). We numerically verify that the critical point for the onset of the reorganization, as well as the properties of the emitted pulse, conform to the characteristics of superradiant quantum phase transition.
Highlights
Dicke superradiance (SR) is a fundamental effect that is the collective spontaneous emission of radiation by an ensemble of coherently excited atoms [1, 2]
We examine the superradiance of a Bose–Einstein condensate pumped with a Laguerre–Gaussian laser of high winding number, e.g., l = 7
We examine the dynamics of a pancake Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) of N atoms [33], as shown in figure 1, which is illuminated with a strong LG laser of optical frequency wL along the symmetry axis z
Summary
We examine the superradiance of a Bose–Einstein condensate pumped with a Laguerre–Gaussian laser of high winding number, e.g., l = 7. Any further distribution of this work must maintain (OAM) to the condensate at once due to the collectivity of the superradiance. An l-fold rotational attribution to the symmetric structure emerges with the rotatory superradiance. L number of single-charge vortices author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation appear at the arms of this structure. Cylindrical symmetry, we observe that it is broken to l-fold rotational symmetry at the superradiance. Breaking of the cylindrical symmetry into the l-fold symmetry and OAM transfer to the condensate become significant after the same critical pump strength. We numerically verify that the critical point for the onset of the reorganization, as well as the properties of the emitted pulse, conform to the characteristics of superradiant quantum phase transition
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