Abstract
Skin regeneration after an injury is very vital, but this process can be impeded by several factors. Regenerative medicine is a developing biomedical field with the potential to decrease the need for an organ transplant. Wound management is challenging, particularly for chronic injuries, despite the availability of various types of wound dressing scaffolds in the market. Some of the wound dressings that are in clinical practice have various drawbacks such as poor antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy, poor mechanical properties, inability to absorb excess wound exudates, require frequent change of dressing and fails to offer a suitable moist environment to accelerate the wound healing process. Collagen is a biopolymer and a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), making it an interesting polymer for the development of wound dressings. Collagen-based nanofibers have demonstrated interesting properties that are advantageous both in the arena of skin regeneration and wound dressings, such as low antigenicity, good biocompatibility, hemostatic properties, capability to promote cellular proliferation and adhesion, and non-toxicity. Hence, this review will discuss the outcomes of collagen-based nanofibers reported from the series of preclinical trials of skin regeneration and wound healing.
Highlights
The increasing global population demands many biomedical implants every year to repair lost tissues [1]
The collagen-based nanofibers or nanofibrous scaffolds that were studied in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments displayed promising outcomes that are very essential in wound healing and skin regeneration
Most collagen nanofiber wound dressings displayed an initial rapid release of bioactive agents followed by slow and sustained drug release, which resulted in good biological efficacy and the protection of the wound from microbial infections and oxidation reactions, demonstrating that these nanofibers can be very useful in the treatment of chronic wounds
Summary
The increasing global population demands many biomedical implants every year to repair lost tissues [1]. Most of the presently used wound dressings display some drawbacks, such as poor anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, inability to absorb excess wound exudates, require frequent change of wound dressing, and poor mechanical properties [7,8] Biopolymers such as collagen, elastin, gelatin, alginate, dextran, chitosan, and cellulose, (Figure 1) have attracted great attention from biomedical researchers in regenerative medicine and wound management because of their unique features [9]. The common limitation of biopolymers is their poor mechanical properties, which can be overcome by combining them with synthetic polymers such as poly ( -caprolactone) (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and polylactic acid (PLA), that display excellent mechanical properties [14] Another strategy that has been employed to improve the mechanical performance of biopolymer-based materials is the use of cross-linkers [15]. This review will focus on the outcomes of collagenbased nanofibers reported in vitro and in vivo experiments in skin regeneration and wound healing
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