Abstract
Virus rejection under ultramembrane filtration was examined by a dead-end filtration technique using two types of coliphages, T1 and Qß. Four kinds of ultramembrane filters with different cut-off molecular weights were evaluated. The lowest rejection rate in each coliphage was observed in the filtration of coliphage suspension through the loosest ultramembrane filter used. The value was raised under the filtration of mixed suspension of coliphage and activated sludge, and more significantly under the filtration of coliphage suspension after formation of cake- and gel-layers on the filter by filtrating activated sludge suspension in advance. The increase of the rejection rate was related to that of resistance value, Reg, of cake- and gel-layers, and it was estimated that coliphages Tl and Qß might be removed almost completely under Reg not less than 5×10 12 m −1 and 1×10 13 m −1, respectively. These values of Reg correspond to those appearing in full- and pilot-scale plants using crossflow ultramembrane filtration for solid-liquid separation of bioreactor contents under a permeation flux of 1–2 m. d −1.
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