Abstract
BackgroundCoix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf has been used in China as an herbal medicine. Many studies of this plant have reported anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities on human cancer cell lines. Therefore, this study of the anti-metastatic effect of Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen Stapf sprout extract (CLSE) in colorectal cancer cells may provide a scientific basis for exploring anti-cancer effects of edible crops.MethodsTo evaluate the effect of CLSE on cell proliferation and signaling, we performed a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay in HCT116 cells and used western blot analysis. Furthermore, scratch-wound healing, transwell migration, matrigel invasion, and adhesion assays were conducted to elucidate the anti-metastatic effects of CLSE under hypoxic conditions in colon cancer cells.ResultsFirst, CLSE decreased deferoxamine (DFO)-induced migration of colon cancer cells by 87%, and blocked colon cancer cell migration by 80% compared with hypoxia control cells. Second, CLSE treatment resulted in a 54% reduction in hypoxia-induced invasiveness of colon cancer cells, and 50% inhibition of adhesive potency through inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and protein kinase b (AKT) pathways. Third, conditioned medium collected from CLSE-treated HCT116 cells suppressed tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 91%.ConclusionsCLSE inhibited migration, invasion, and adhesion of colon cancer cells and tube formation by HUVECs via repression of the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, CLSE may be used to treat patients with colon cancer.
Highlights
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf has been used in China as an herbal medicine
We performed scratch-wound healing assays to determine if CLSE had an effect on the migratory potency of HCT116 cells
HCT116 cells co-treated with DFO and CLSE had 47–87% less healing ability than cells treated with DFO only (p < 0.05)
Summary
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf has been used in China as an herbal medicine. Ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf has been used in China as an herbal medicine. Many studies of this plant have reported anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities on human cancer cell lines. This study of the anti-metastatic effect of Coix lacryma-jobi var. The vasculature that supplies oxygen and nutrients is important for cancer cell survival [2]. Because cancer cells rapidly proliferate, the tumor quickly exhausts the nutrient and oxygen supply from the normal vasculature, and becomes hypoxic. This hypoxic condition upregulates the production of angiogenic factors from hypoxic tumor sites [4]. Hypoxia signaling can contribute to tumor progression by promoting tumor cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis [5]
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