Abstract
We analyze the properties of a pulsed coherent population trapping protocol that uses a controlled decay from the excited state in a Λ-level scheme. We study this problem analytically and numerically and find regimes where narrow transmission, absorption, or fluorescence spectral lines occur. We then look for optimal frequency measurements using these spectral features by computing the Allan deviation in the presence of ground state decoherence and show that the protocol is on a par with Ramsey-CPT. We discuss possible implementations with ensembles of alkali atoms and single ions and demonstrate that typical pulsed-CPT experiments that are realized on femto-second timescales can be implemented on micro-seconds timescales using this scheme.
Highlights
A novel pulsed-CPT scheme was realized by engineering a Λ-system in the microwave domain and exploiting the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond and a nearby 13C nuclear spin [19]
The originality of the experiment is that relaxation was externally controlled through optical pumping by a far detuned laser that couples the excited state to the ground state in the Λ-system via a metastable state
We mean that the decay from the excited state to the two ground states in the Λ scheme can be triggered at will
Summary
2 snB-1 from the bright state to the excited state, where A = Wt1 is the pulse area and snB-1 is the population in the bright state just before the nth pulse. This expression results from Rabi oscillations within the subspace ∣Bñ-∣3ñ. In contrast with the dark state population, the excited state population decays with the number of pulses [19]. (b) Number of steps needed to reach the final dark state population σDf = 0.95 as a function of the pulse area
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